Making Peace by Making Amends?
International Apologies and Unilateral Conciliation
Job market paper. Under review.
Can one side improve relations without first securing its adversary’s cooperation, or can taking the first step backfire? I examine this question through international apologies, combining original data with a survey experiment in Vietnam. Relations between rivals improve less often following these gestures than in similar cases without them. The experiment finds that the same gesture increases public support for closer relations when offered by a non-rival but not by a rival. These findings suggest that unilateral conciliation may depend on an earlier easing of hostility, limiting its potential to begin cooperation between adversaries.